sábado, 7 de febrero de 2026

Havana – Historische sleutel van de Nieuwe Wereld


Havana – Historische sleutel van de Nieuwe Wereld

Op 16 november 1519 werd Havana officieel gesticht rond een strategische haven.

Koloniale macht

Tijdens de Spaanse periode werd Havana bekend als “De Sleutel tot de Nieuwe Wereld”. Forten zoals El Morro en Real Fuerza beschermden handelsroutes.

UNESCO en dagelijks leven

Sinds 1982 staat Oud Havana op de werelderfgoedlijst. Pleinen zoals Plaza Vieja en Plaza de la Catedral tonen het koloniale karakter.

Groei en verandering

In de 20e eeuw breidde de stad zich uit naar Vedado. Na 1959 veranderde de economische structuur.

De Malecón

Acht kilometer langs zee waar de stad elke avond samenkomt.

Havana is geen perfecte stad, maar een authentieke.


Lokale gids in Havana
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Beschrijving

Havana combineert koloniale geschiedenis en Caribische energie in één unieke reiservaring.




Havanna – Historisk knutepunkt mellom Europa og Amerika

 


Havanna – Historisk knutepunkt mellom Europa og Amerika

Havanna ble grunnlagt 16. november 1519. Byens naturlige havn gjorde den raskt til et strategisk sentrum for det spanske imperiet.

Nøkkelen til den nye verden

Festninger som El Morro og San Salvador de la Punta vitner om kolonitidens maktstruktur.

1592 fikk Havanna bystatus. Året etter ble den hovedstad.

Gamle Havanna – levende verdensarv

UNESCO-listet siden 1982. Plasser som Plaza Vieja og Plaza de la Catedral viser byens arkitektoniske arv.

Modernisering og revolusjon

På 1900-tallet vokste byen vestover. Etter 1959 endret økonomiske prioriteringer seg, men byen forble kulturelt sentrum.

Malecón – havets møte med byen

Åtte kilometer langs kysten hvor byens liv utspiller seg hver kveld.

Havanna er kompleks, ekte og historisk betydningsfull.


Lokal guide i Havanna
Engelsk / Spansk
HUMBERTO
WhatsApp & Telegram: +5352646921

Instagram: humberto_habana

En dyp historisk og kulturell guide til Havanna – ideell for reisende som søker innsikt.



Havanna – Historia, rytm och revolution i Karibiens hjärta




Havanna – Historia, rytm och revolution i Karibiens hjärta

Havanna är inte bara Kubas huvudstad. Det är en plats där fem sekler av historia fortfarande formar vardagen.

Den 16 november 1519 grundades staden officiellt. Tack vare sin naturliga hamn blev den snabbt strategiskt avgörande för Spanien.

Nyckeln till den nya världen

Under kolonialtiden blev Havanna centrum för handel och militär kontroll i Karibien. Fästningar som El Morro och Real Fuerza skyddade imperiets rikedomar.

År 1592 fick staden officiell stadsstatus och 1593 blev den huvudstad.

Gamla Havanna – världsarv i rörelse

UNESCO erkände området 1982. Men Gamla Havanna är inte ett museum. Det är ett levande kvarter fyllt av musik, samtal och vardag.

Plaza Vieja, Plaza de la Catedral och kullerstensgatorna visar stadens arkitektoniska rikedom.

1900-talets expansion

Staden växte snabbt västerut. Vedado utvecklades till ett modernt och kulturellt centrum. Universitetets trappor blev symbol för politiskt tänkande.

Malecón – stadens öppna vardagsrum

Den åtta kilometer långa strandpromenaden är stadens hjärta. Här möts generationer varje kväll.

Havanna är sliten, stolt och levande – en stad som känns mer än den betraktas.


Lokal guide i Havanna
Engelska / Spanska
HUMBERTO
WhatsApp & Telegram: +5352646921

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Kort beskrivning

Havanna förenar kolonial historia, revolutionär identitet och karibisk energi. Perfekt för resenärer som söker kultur och autenticitet.

Havanna – Geschichte, Macht und kulturelle Identität in Kubas Hauptstadt




 Havanna – Geschichte, Macht und kulturelle Identität in Kubas Hauptstadt

Eine Stadt, die man nicht nur besucht, sondern versteht

Havanna ist keine Postkarte. Sie ist ein historischer Organismus. Für viele Reisende, die Kuba zum ersten Mal betreten, wirkt die Hauptstadt wie eine Mischung aus kolonialer Eleganz, politischer Symbolik und karibischer Improvisation. Doch wer genauer hinsieht, erkennt: Havanna ist das Ergebnis von fünf Jahrhunderten geopolitischer Spannungen, wirtschaftlicher Strategien und kultureller Vermischung.

Am 16. November 1519 wurde die Villa de San Cristóbal de La Habana offiziell gegründet – nach drei vorherigen Standortwechseln. Der endgültige Ort war kein Zufall: Der Naturhafen zählt zu den strategisch wertvollsten der Karibik. Tief, geschützt und leicht zu verteidigen.

Der „Schlüssel zur Neuen Welt“

Während der Kolonialzeit wurde Havanna zur wichtigsten spanischen Bastion in Amerika. Die Stadt erhielt den Beinamen „Schlüssel zur Neuen Welt und Bollwerk der Westindischen Inseln“. Von hier aus wurden Silberflotten organisiert, Handelsrouten kontrolliert und militärische Operationen koordiniert.

Festungen wie:

  • Castillo de la Real Fuerza (1577)
  • San Salvador de la Punta (1600)
  • Tres Reyes Magos del Morro (1630)

sind bis heute erhalten. Sie gehören zu den ältesten militärischen Bauwerken Amerikas.

1592 erklärte König Philipp II. Havanna offiziell zur Stadt. 1593 wurde sie Hauptstadt der Insel.

Alt-Havanna – UNESCO-Welterbe und lebendige Urbanität

1982 erklärte die UNESCO das historische Zentrum Havannas und sein Festungssystem zum Weltkulturerbe. Anders als viele restaurierte Altstädte Europas ist Alt-Havanna kein konserviertes Museum.

Hier wird gewohnt, diskutiert, musiziert.

Plaza de Armas, Plaza Vieja, Plaza de la Catedral und Plaza San Francisco bilden ein städtisches Netzwerk, das bis ins 16. Jahrhundert zurückreicht.

Über 140 Gebäude aus dem 16. und 17. Jahrhundert stehen noch. Mehr als 450 stammen aus dem 19. Jahrhundert – einer Phase explosiver Urbanisierung, die schließlich zum Abriss der Stadtmauer im Jahr 1863 führte.

Expansion im 20. Jahrhundert

Im frühen 20. Jahrhundert wuchs Havanna schnell nach Westen. Stadtteile wie Vedado entstanden – mit breiten Avenuen, Universitätskultur und neoklassizistischen Fassaden. Später kamen Art-Déco-Elemente und moderne Architektur hinzu.

Mit der Revolution von 1959 verschob sich der nationale Investitionsschwerpunkt zugunsten anderer Provinzen. Dennoch blieb Havanna kulturelles und akademisches Zentrum.

Heute leben rund 20 % der kubanischen Bevölkerung in der Hauptstadt. Sie generiert einen erheblichen Teil des nationalen Bruttoinlandsprodukts und Tourismuseinnahmen.

Malecón – urbane Identität am Meer

Der acht Kilometer lange Malecón ist weit mehr als eine Uferpromenade. Er ist Treffpunkt, Bühne, Ventil und Symbol.

Hier verschmelzen Sonnenuntergänge, Gespräche, Musik, Wind und Salzluft zu einem urbanen Ritual.

Eine Stadt der Kontraste

Havanna ist nicht perfekt restauriert. Sie ist nicht homogen. Gerade diese Spannungen – zwischen Verfall und Pracht, zwischen Ideologie und Alltag – machen ihren Charakter aus.

Havanna ist ein Schmelztiegel, wie ihn der Anthropologe Fernando Ortiz beschrieb: afrikanische, spanische, karibische und asiatische Einflüsse verschmelzen zu einer einzigartigen Identität.

Wer Havanna verstehen will, braucht Kontext. Und Zeit.


Privater Kultur- und Geschichtsführer in Havanna
Englisch / Spanisch
HUMBERTO
WhatsApp & Telegram: +5352646921

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Kurzbeschreibung

Havanna verbindet koloniale Geschichte, revolutionäre Symbolik und karibische Lebensart. Ein tiefgehender Reiseartikel für kulturinteressierte Besucher.



sábado, 31 de enero de 2026

CUBA, EXPLAINING THE AMERICAN BLOCKADE, part 6

  

CUBA. EMBARGO. 2026

Analysis with Intellectual Rigor (The Naked Truth)

What we are witnessing in 2026 is the use of the list as a tool to dismantle the social welfare paradigm. By targeting revenue from medical services and sabotaging the production of domestic medicines:

  • The Cuban State is forced to spend more importing what it previously produced.

  • Internal public health deteriorates in order to generate discontent.

  • The most qualified personnel are pushed to emigrate, stripping Cuba of its most valuable resource.

This is possibly the central thesis that defines Cuba’s survival at the beginning of 2026. If financial capital is the aggressor’s weapon, intellectual capital is the shield and the only productive force that the embargo has not been able to confiscate, even as it attempts to drain it.

When analyzed rigorously, we see that the educational level of Cubans is not merely a “national pride,” but a tool of tactical resistance on three critical fronts:

1. The Sovereignty of “Know-How” (Biotechnology and Energy)

In a scenario of total suffocation, where spare parts or finished medicines cannot be imported, scientific training allows Cuba to substitute imports through innovation:

Medical Resistance: While the “State Sponsors of Terrorism” list blocks the purchase of cutting-edge pharmaceuticals, Cuban scientists use their training to develop domestic alternatives. In 2025 and 2026, this has meant the difference between life and death for thousands of patients.

Industrial Ingenuity: Faced with a lack of foreign currency to purchase new technology, Cuba’s engineering capacity makes it possible to maintain obsolete infrastructure through local manufacturing of parts and by adapting technologies from different origins (Russian, Chinese, European)—something a country without that professional base could not sustain.

2. Digital Resistance and the Knowledge Economy

Despite the “radio-electronic war” and the blocking of Google services and other platforms previously mentioned, the high level of digital literacy enables:

  • Young professionals to find ways to circumvent the technological blockade (use of VPNs, development of proprietary software, alternative networks).

  • Cuba to project itself toward the BRICS not merely as an exporter of raw materials, but as a partner contributing intellectual property and high value-added professional services.

3. Education as an “Antidote” to Information Warfare

As you pointed out, a powerful adversary attempts to influence society by exploiting shortages. Here, cultural and political education acts as a filter:

  • An educated population has more tools to identify when a crisis is the product of internal inefficiency and when it is the direct result of external financial maneuvering.

  • Historical awareness (part of that education) allows a significant portion of the population, despite blackouts and shortages, to understand that the objective of the siege is the surrender of sovereignty, not “democratization.”


The 2026 Dilemma: Educate to Resist or Educate to Export?

However, for our analysis to be honest and rigorous, we must point out the central tension: education is the strongest tool, but also the most vulnerable.

The “powerful adversary” understands this, which is why policies have been designed to encourage that talent to emigrate. The Revolution’s challenge at this moment is:

How can it ensure that a highly educated Cuban feels able to fulfill his or her life project within the island, when the economic war is specifically designed so that this very level of education becomes the passport to enter any other country?

If Cuba manages to retain and give purpose to that human capital in the midst of the current crisis, it will have won the most important battle of fifth-generation warfare. If human capital continues to drain away, the foundation of resistance weakens.

END PART 6

Part 1: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-1.html

PART 2: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-2.html

PART 3: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-3.html

PART 4: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-4.html

PART 5: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-5.html

Humberto. Tours in Havana. History, Art, Society. WhatsApp +5352646921

CUBA, EXPLAINING THE AMERICAN BLOCKADE, part 5

HUMAN CAPITAL

How has this situation specifically affected Cuban doctors and scientists—the most valuable sector of human capital and, at the same time, the one most targeted by these regulations abroad?

In 2026, the impact of the State Sponsors of Terrorism (SSOT) designation on Cuba’s scientific and medical sector has shifted from economic pressure to personalized and technological persecution.

If scientists and doctors are the “heart” of the human capital we mentioned earlier, the SSOT list is the instrument designed to stop that heart. Let us examine how it has operated specifically over the past two years (2024–2025):

1. The “Criminalization” of Medical Solidarity

In 2025, under the administration of Marco Rubio as Secretary of State, the campaign against Cuban medical brigades reached unprecedented levels:

Sanctions on Third Countries: For the first time, the United States began imposing visa restrictions not only on Cuban officials, but also on officials from third countries (such as Brazil, Mexico, or African nations) that contract Cuban medical services.

Impact on migration flows: This pressure aims to force governments to cancel agreements. When a mission closes, thousands of professionals return to a Cuba whose economy is suffocated by the same designation, creating unbearable internal migratory pressure. Many, fearing they may not be able to work abroad again, choose to defect to third countries during their missions.

2. The Blockade of “Cuban Genius”: Science and Biotechnology

For a Cuban scientist in 2026, the SSOT list functions as an invisible yet impenetrable wall:

Barriers to publications and conferences: Researchers from institutions such as the CIGB or the Finlay Institute report that prestigious scientific publishers reject Cuban articles or block payment of membership fees, citing “compliance with terrorism list regulations.”

Supply suffocation: Cuban biotechnology, which sustained the country during the pandemic with its own vaccines, now struggles to import basic reagents. If equipment contains more than 10% U.S. components, the list prohibits its sale to Cuba. This forces scientists to improvise solutions, but the exhaustion is immense and pushes younger talent to seek laboratories abroad where proper tools are available.

3. Individual Financial Persecution

The harshest impact of the designation in 2024–2025 has been the closure of personal bank accounts:

Cuban doctors and scientists residing legally abroad or serving on missions have seen their accounts in European or Latin American banks closed solely due to their nationality, under the pretext of “compliance risk” related to the SSOT list.

Result: They are treated as financial pariahs. This discourages Cuban professionals from maintaining ties with their country and forces them into a total rupture in order to survive within the global banking system—thus accelerating the brain drain mentioned earlier.

END OF PART 5

Part 1: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-1.html
Part 2: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-2.html
Part 3: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-3.html
Part 4: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-4.html
Part 6: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-6-final.htm

Humberto. Tours in Havana. History, Art, Society. WhatsApp +53 52646921


Humberto. Tours en la Habana. Historia, Arte, Sociedad. WhatsApp+5352646921  

CUBA, EXPLAINING THE AMERICAN BLOCKADE , part 4

 It is essential to examine the data presented in the most recent vote of the UN General Assembly, held on October 29, 2025.

The figures not only quantify the material damage, but also reveal a qualitative intensification of what is referred to as “economic warfare.”

1. The Political Outcome (October 2025)

The resolution titled “Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial blockade imposed by the United States of America against Cuba” was adopted for the thirty-third time:

Votes in favor: 165
Votes against: 7 (the United States, Israel, and other close allies)
Abstentions: 12

2. Quantification of the Economic Damage

According to the report presented by Cuba’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MINREX) to the UN, damages for the period from March 2024 to February 2025 reached record levels:

Annual damages: $7.556 billion.
Increase: This represents a 49% increase compared to the previous year.
Cumulative damage: Over more than six decades, the total impact exceeds $170.677 billion.

3. Breakdown of the “State of Abnormality” (2025–2026 Data)

To understand how this distorted foundation affects daily life and forces desperate internal solutions, the report details critical areas:

Health
Of the 651 medications in the basic formulary, 364 are unavailable (56%). The blockade prevents the purchase of reagents and spare parts from manufacturers containing more than 10% U.S. components.

Energy
One single month of blockade costs the equivalent of the entire 2025 Solar Energy Investment Plan (1,015 MW). The lack of foreign currency prevents proper maintenance of thermoelectric plants.

Food
The cost of importing food from distant markets (instead of normally sourcing it from the U.S.) increases the basic food basket by hundreds of millions of dollars annually.

Finance
More than 900 actions by foreign banks suspending services to Cuba were reported, due to fear of U.S. sanctions following Cuba’s inclusion on the State Sponsors of Terrorism list.

This is precision warfare.

If Cuba loses $20 million per day due to the blockade, any internal “management error” is amplified exponentially. It is not the same to make an economic mistake in a country with access to credit as in one that loses $862,000 for every passing hour.

The Dilemma for 2026

The report emphasizes that, without the blockade, Cuba’s GDP could have grown by 8% annually. With such growth and its existing human capital, Cuba today would likely display human development indicators surpassing most industrialized nations.

At the beginning of 2026, economic warfare against Cuba has evolved into a phase of high technological and financial sophistication, centered on what analysts describe as “the architecture of chaos.”

When the battlefield is the currency and the price of food, technology becomes an invisible weapon of siege.

END OF PART 4


Part 1: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-1.html
Part 2: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-2.html
Part 3: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/cuba-explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-3.html
Part 5: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-5.html
Part 6: https://habana-havana.blogspot.com/2026/01/explicando-el-bloqueo-parte-6-final.htm

Humberto. Tours in Havana. History, Art, Society. WhatsApp +53 52646921

Havana – Historische sleutel van de Nieuwe Wereld

Havana – Historische sleutel van de Nieuwe Wereld Op 16 november 1519 werd Havana officieel gesticht rond een strategische haven. Koloni...